The Creative Classroom :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

The Creative Classroom At the point when I was three years of age, my folks and I made the most critical move of our lives†we moved from northern Ohio to my mother’s old neighborhood in southern West Virginia. Numerous things about my life changed as a result of our movement, however most altogether was my mom’s work. While in Ohio, she had remained at home with me, yet once we came to West Virginia, she continued her vocation as an instructor. Quickly, I was tossed into the educational system. I was pleased to the point that my photo had been remembered for the 1987 Man Junior High School Yearbook†and I was only four. From that point forward, I have seen the showing calling through my mother’s eyes and thusly, the eyes of an educator. I have seen the delight that accompanies instructing just as the disappointments, and I anticipate them all in my future as an instructor. I believe my perspectives on educating to be reasonable. I have seen firsthand the administrative work, encounters with understudies, additional hours required, and the pressure that accompanies educating. However, I have additionally observed a teacher’s whole day be pivoted in light of the fact that one understudy got a handle on another idea. I have seen a student’s eyes shimmer when they find something new. Furthermore, past that, I have seen a teacher’s eyes shimmer when their student cheered in their recently discovered information. I invite every one of these encounters into my life, and can't hold back to make my own revelations in my auxiliary science study hall. On account of my perceptions of the instruction field and my very own style, I feel that my homeroom will best be presented with a differing gathering of ways of thinking including essentialism, perennialism, behaviorism, and social reconstructionism. Essentialism is the straightforward way to deal with training that focuses on showing essential abilities to understudies. Essentialism pulls at the very heart of arithmetic: so as to comprehend the more perplexing hypotheses and calculations, you should initially have a strong handle of the fundamental standards of science. I think learning science is both a bit by bit and reasonable procedure. With essentialism, I want to feature the bit by bit approach. In this, I will be continually exploring basic numerical ideas, working to a superior comprehension of the given idea and further structure up to an increasingly mind boggling scientific comprehension. Perennialism copies the conviction that thoughts that have kept going over hundreds of years ought to be the centralization of the homeroom.

The Universe What Lies Beyond Our Planet. The Universe That We Live

The Universe ? what lies past our planet. The universe that we live in is so various and special, and it premiums us to find out pretty much all the change that lies outside our ability to comprehend. Inside this wonder of marvels our universe holds a secret that is exceptionally hard to comprehend in view of the difficulties that emerge when attempting to look at and investigate the standards of room. That secret happens to be that of the ever surreptitious, dark gap. ? of the ideas, properties, and procedures associated with the space marvel of the dark gap. It will portray how a dark gap is commonly framed, how it capacities, and the impacts it has on the universe. ? investigate the reason for the reason for a dark opening. Every single dark opening are framed from the gravitational breakdown of a star, as a rule having an extraordinary, huge, center. A star is made when immense, enormous, gas mists tie together because of appealing powers and structure a hot center, consolidated from all the vitality of the two gas mists. This vitality created is so incredible when it initially impacts, that an atomic response happens and the gases inside the star begin to consume consistently. The Hydrogen gas is generally the principal kind of gas expended in a star and afterward different gas components, for example, Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are devoured. ? a long time contingent on the measure of gases there are. ? ? harmony accomplished without anyone else. The gravitational draw from the center of the star is equivalent to the gravitational draw of the gases shaping a sort of circle, anyway when this correspondence is broken the star can go into a few distinct stages. ? devoured while some of it get away. This happens in light of the fact that there is definitely not a colossal gravitational draw upon those gases and along these lines the star debilitates and decreases. It is then alluded to as a White Dwarf. In the event that the star was to have a bigger mass none theless, at that point it might perhaps Supernova, implying that the atomic combination inside the star basically runs wild making the star detonate. Subsequent to detonating a small amount of the star is typically left (on the off chance that it has not transformed into unadulterated gas) and that portion of the star is known as a neutron star. ? the center of the star is so enormous (roughly 6?8 sun oriented masses; one sun based mass being equivalent to the sun's mass) at that point all things considered, when the star's gases are nearly devoured those gases will crumple internal, constrained into the center by the gravitational power laid upon them. ? to pull in space trash and other sort of issues to help add to the mass of the center, making the gap more grounded and all the more remarkable. ? ? the Event Horizon) that is conformed to the dark gap. The issue keeps inside the Event Horizon until it has spun into the middle where it is focused inside the center adding to the mas s. Such turning dark openings are known as Kerr Black Holes. ? were a star, and this may mess some up for the neighboring stars. On the off chance that a dark opening gets ground-breaking enough it might really maneuver a star into it and disturb the circle of numerous different stars. The dark opening could then become much more grounded (from the star's mass) as to perhaps ingest another. ? Ergosphere, which clears all the issue into the Event Horizon, named for it's level flat appearance and in light of the fact that this happens to be where for the most part all the activity inside the dark gap happens. At the point when the star is passed on into the Event Horizon the light that the star suffers is bowed inside the current and consequently can't be found in space. At this definite point in time, high measures of radiation are emitted, that with the best possible hardware can be identified and seen as a picture of a dark opening. Through this method space experts currently accep t that they have discovered a dark opening known as Cygnus X1. This alleged dark gap has an enormous star circling around it, hence we expect there must be a dark gap that it is in circle with. ? what's more, the crumbling

Beyond Business Why Socializing is Not Just for the Holidays

Beyond Business Why Socializing is Not Just for the Holidays The holiday season is upon us. There seems to be a celebratory business networking event to attend every night of the week between Thanksgiving and Christmas. In the second week of December my party of choice was the Dane Buy Local holiday social, a gathering of local business owners in Madison, WI. For many of us at that event, the operating word was “social.” It struck me that most of the people I spoke to, though originally met as business contacts, have become friends. For most of the evening, I felt like I was gabbing with my girlfriends, just like I would at a birthday or Halloween party at one of their homes (which I have attended). We talked about relationships, personal growth, families, health … and, well, even a smattering of business (but not much). This sort of socializing was not what I ever would have predicted when I first became a “businesswoman.” When I first started my business, I thought I needed to keep my communications to business. But it wasn’t long before I learned that revealing my personality and just the right amount of my personal life in my communications created relationships that drew people into my sphere. Here’s what Joan Stewart, media consultant and author of the online newsletter, “The Publicity Hound’s Tips of the Week,” says about the subject: On sites like Facebook and Twitter, the social networking conversation should include your personal and business lives. Sharing information about things like your pets, hobbies and special interests will endear you to those who are following you. When the time comes to use these sites to discuss a new product, your followers will be more receptive because they’ll feel they already know something about you. Revealing personal information endears people in person too. More and more, in my networking meetings and coffee dates, I share about my personal life: my quirky beliefs in astrology, my uncharacteristic interest in reality TV, my dietary choices, and my relationships. I have yet to have anyone respond with anything but delight that we were able to share on a deeper level than they expected. The same goes with clients. My biggest fans and repeat clients are people I’ve talked to about personal topics, not just their writing projects. It’s human nature to trust and want to interact with people who know us for all aspects of our personalities and lives. I’m not planning to post a profile photo of me and my Chihuahua any time soon (even if I do acquire one, which is very unlikely). But I will likely keep talking about kale, The Bachelorette, and maybe even conversations with my mother, for the foreseeable future. Woody Allen quotes and pictures of my family will show up on my Facebook page. And while I’ll talk business at networking events, business will most definitely not be all I talk about. Life is so much more fun and engaging this way! And at this time of yearâ€"and really all year ‘roundâ€"that’s what it’s all about.

The Reconstruction Era after the Civil War - 558 Words

The Reconstruction Era The Reconstruction Era was looked upon with much optimism, considering that abolitionists and African Americans believed that this process would make it possible for them to achieve their goals. The project was generally meant to assist the South in reintegrating in the Union and in assisting African Americans to become equal to white individuals in the U.S. The Freedmen were apparently one of the main missions that the Reconstruction was designed for and it actually seemed that things would be much better for black people when considering the degree of discrimination that they suffered until that time. The end of the Civil War seemed to be a glorious time and African Americans were especially confident that things would change significantly when considering their position in the country. Lincolns experiments with providing slaves with land further reinforced their hopes and influenced them in considering that racism would no longer be a pressing problem under the circumstances. Individuals supporting the Reconstruction got actively engaged in helping any way that they could and they actually played an important role in helping society understand that it needed to refrain from discriminating African Americans. The eleven seceding states were believed to have learned an important lesson and everything seemed to be getting back to normal, with the principal exception being that African Americans had become equal to white people. In spite of theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1 865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreHow Did The Radical Republican s Rise For The Failure Of The Post Civil War Reconstruction?1619 Words   |  7 Pagesfailure of the post-civil war reconstruction? The time between 1863, when Lincoln passed the ten percent act, until the year 1877, when reconstruction was officially ended, will be evaluated with information provided by the sources. The investigation will specifically look to how the Lincoln assassination allowed for the rise in the Radical Republican Party from 1866 to 1868 and the party’s effect on reconstruction acts leading to the failure of the post-civil war reconstruction era. Eric Foner’s novelRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe End Of The 20th Century1544 Words   |  7 PagesHistory since the end of the Civil War to the end of the 20th century has changed drastically when you asses America on an economic, social, and political level. The changes between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century are the cause in the way America has been shaped and how American’s think. In fact, industrializa tion and urbanization, equal rights for all citizens, and two world wars played a major role in the shape of America to our understanding. Although, there are numerousRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era and The Jim Crow Era were both times of Rapid growth in the United States that were characterized by changes not only on the intrapersonal level, but also on the cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 to 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. Some of the common themes of these eras were race relations and tension between northern states and southern states. The firstRead MoreThe End Of The Reconstruction1318 Words   |  6 Pages1860’s there was an Era that started called the reconstruction. The main purpose for the reconstruction was to give African-American people full political and civil equality. How ever, it was very tough to do this, especially since most white in the south didn’t want the African-Americans to have the same rights as themselves. During this Era there were multiple good things that happened, yet, there were also many bad things that happened. For instance, during the reconstruction the 14th amendmentRead MoreReconstruction in America971 Words   |  4 PagesThe period of reconstruction in the south was a period of social reconstruction on a scale not previously seen in American history. The Reconstruction era occurred after the Civil War period, and lasted from 1864 to 1877. The Reconstruction period brought upon an era of Martial Law, a change of social consciousness towards slavery and the rights of African Americans, a New South with closer ties to the North. Emancipated Slaves, Northerners, and White Southerners all had different opinions towardsRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction 1 The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The CivilRead MoreReconstruction Of Reconstruction During The Civil War883 Words   |  4 Pages Describe and analyze Reconstruction. Did Reconstruction have any successes? The end of civil war in the United States of America brought about many problems, in particular for the South. Some of the problems were political, economic decay and social disorder. The war destroyed the plantations and crops thus causing many to starve to death while others became homeless. The reconstruction became the only hope for the people. Radical reconstruction began in 1867, which enabled the freed black men

A Realist Analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis - 1867 Words

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is undeniably a major confrontation of the Cold War. Lasting for 13 days it is arguably the pinnacle of the Cold War. This crisis was a decisive factor in the United States’ (US) decision process of whether to engage in a nuclear war with the Soviet Union (USSR). However the essential fault of both state leaders (J. Kennedy and N. Khrushchev) which created the inevitable crisis was miscommunication. Today we recognise actions taken by both states during the crisis as consistent with a realist point of view. Realism holds great emphasise on the obstacles enforced by human nature and the non-attendance of an international government. Creating international politics an area focused on power and state-interest.†¦show more content†¦This realist fundamental greatly aids in the miscommunications of states, as seen with the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cuban Missile Crisis. An anarchic international system also creates a constant security dilemma between states. In the theology of realism, there is no hierarchy above world powers to instil rules and provide state protection. This lack of security provided by an overruling power encourages states to seek security for themselves. States often believe security lies in the accumulation of power, as seen in the Cuban Missile Crisis. This often causes states to compete for power in order to maintain protection. After the destruction of World War I article 1-26 of the Treaty of Versailles outlines the creation of the League of Nations. This was an attempt at creating an international government to which all states would answer to. However it relied on the willingness of world powers to cede a degree of power to the League of Nations, which a realism regime would not allow. The United States submission for protection to the United nations during the Cuban Missile Crisis and their ineffectiveness, further suppor ts the notion of an anarchic international system. After the United Nations failure to protect its members, the United States then created their own security in the form of a naval blockade. A letter sent by Kennedy to Khrushchev, communicated to the USSR to tread carefully.Show MoreRelatedJfk And Khrushchev s Impact On The World War II1293 Words   |  6 Pagespeople would remember as the closest we ever came to a nuclear war. To many Americans this was very frightening; we have all heard what nuclear weapons can do. No one wants to feel the effects of these nuclear weapons. But you may ask, what caused the crisis and why did it not end in World War III? Who and/or what were the most important actors, structures and institutions involved? And most importantly, which characteristics of those actors, structures and institutions provide the strongest, clearestRead MoreThe Issue Of Nuclear Weapons883 Words   |  4 PagesUkraine is under attack by Russian forces. This paper will explore the extent that nuclear weapons could have played in affecting Russia’s decision to carry out its invasion of sovereign Ukrainian territory. To begin, it should be understood that this analysis focuses on alternative possibilities and therefore impossible to prove or disprove. Instead, this should be viewed as a play on facts and behaviors of the states involved and applies arguments made by different theorists regarding nuclear weaponsRead MoreWorld Events And Trends Can Be Analyzed Through The Three Levels Of Analysis1511 Words   |  7 Pagesthe three levels of analysis. These three levels being the individual, state and system, these help with understanding and analyzing events through the different factors that drive these events. The individual level helps in understanding how individuals, such as leaders, and their personalities affect the outcomes of conflict (Rourke, 65). State level factors discuss the actions of the state and the causes for its internal policies (Rourke, 78). Also, the system level of analysis, emphasizes the conditionsRead MoreThe Sixth Decade By Jonathan Schell1071 Words   |  5 Pagesenf orcement on the ban of nuclear material. The third and final proposal is taking greater action on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty to confirm all nations are on the same playing field to dismantle nuclear weaponry. I plan on providing updated analysis in these issues as well. The Seventh Decade was written in 2007 and a lot has gone on since then in regards to nuclear activity and I plan on making it clear to the reader where the U.S. and the rest of the world stands. It has been seventy yearsRead MoreUnited States Grand Strategy during the Cold War with Emphasis on the Conflict in Vietnam2740 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction - Analysis of U.S. grand strategy during the Vietnam War cannot be fully understood without placing it in the context of the Cold War and the foreign policy of â€Å"containment.† In this context, details indicate that realist, liberalist, and constructivist theories all contributed to U.S. grand strategy at the time. However, more detailed analysis reveals that, while defensive realism was guiding foreign policy during this period of the cold war, offensive realism was the predominantRead MoreThe World Of International Relations2094 Words   |  9 Pagesimpactful leaders. There are also factors, domestic and global, that affect policy decisions and they include military capabilities, economic conditions, types of government, global distribution of power, and geopolitical powers. In 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis President Kennedy was faced with a situation that, if handled wrong, could end the world. When deciding on proper responses he would have to consider many of the factors that are discussed in the chapter like military capabilities. ThankfullyRead MoreEssay on Structural Problems of the United Nations Security Council2012 Words   |  9 Pages(Hurd 110). The way the structure of the UNSC was created in 1945 reflects the realist views that ‘if the great powers were not given a privileged position, the UN would not work’ (Baylis, Smith, and Owens 313). This is demonstrated by the veto power granted to the P5 member states which showcases the power politics that govern the UN. However, there has been a global shift toward neoliberal ideas in favor of the realist vantage point. Some examples of this shift would be that the concept of securityRead MoreInternational Organisations Encouraged International Peace And Amity2386 Words   |  10 Pagesassumes States are the most powerful, and the key actors. Since I aim to explain how globalization has made the theory of realism to deepen our knowledge about international relations close to redundant, the theory of realism must be understood. Realist theorists believe in â€Å"the continuing necessity of alliance-building, the role of the state as key political actor, the maintenance of a favourable balance of power† and state sovereignty (Wilkinson, P. 2007, p. 4). Furthermore, I have stated aboveRead MorePolitical Leadership And Its Importance3179 Words   |  13 Pagescould be insufficient. Regardless of his/her gender, a leader is an individual that possesses the necessary characteristics that will make or break his/her leadership. In her book, The Power of Latino leadership, Juana Bordas offers culture-based analysis of leadership. Although her book focuses on Latino culture, I find some of the leadership principles that she offers, relevant in trying to define political leadership. For example, Personalismo (The Character of the Leader) is a leadership principleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Positioning and Differentation Free Essays

The positioning and differentiation strategies of two nearby hospitals, St. Francis Hospital located in Roslyn, New York and the Schneider Children’s Hospital in New Hyde Park, New York will be discussed in this article. These two institutions are located in Long Island, New York and are approximately 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Positioning and Differentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 miles apart from each other, servicing the nearby counties of Queens, Nassau and Suffolk.These renowned facilities are recognized for their specialty services throughout New York as well as the United States. The intent of this article is to examine the positioning and differentiation marketing strategies of these hospitals; how they have created and established a unique, identifiable image of their products and services (Positioning) and how their services differ from other institutions, and each other, to influence the consumer’s perception and preference (Differentiation). Saint Francis Hospital: The Heart CenterFounded by the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in 1922, St. Francis Hospital is a full-service, 279-bed, nonprofit facility, located in the affluent area of Roslyn, New York. St. Francis is the only hospital in New York designated as a cardiac center (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, 2007). The institution declares to offer one of the leading cardiac care programs in the country, providing such services as cardiac surgery, catheterization, angioplasty and the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center).According to the New State Department of Health, the hospital has performed the highest caseload of cardiac surgery and catheterizations in the state with mortality rates significantly below the statewide average (New York State Department of Health, 2004, p. 14). The organization is very proud of these achievements and has announced its position in various advertisements found on local television, radio stations, community newsletters and a regional major newspaper across Long Island. The reputation of excellence, low mortality and using highly-advanced technology has been an excellent marketing trategy when differentiating this institution amongst local hospitals that perform the same procedures. The hospital also promotes that nearly all of its cases of isolated heart valve repair are carry out by a minimally invasive approach (St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center). Besides being acclaimed for cardiac surgery for all ages, the hospital is also offers full-service healthcare to its surrounding communities. The hospital treats patients in over two dozen different departments, including emergency services.The hospital was also rated one of the safest hospitals in the nation and ranked number 2 in New York State (HealthGrades, 2009). These ideal characteristics of the facility are found in all their promotional advertisement throughout the Long Island region. These ideal attributes positions their services to create a perception of uniqueness and high quality to patients, especially cardiac patients. Saint Francis Hospital has sparked an appeal to many because of these model techniques and statistics; most cardiac patients prefer to be treated at this facility.This differentiation strategy has been a successful venture; it has made the hospital the number one choice for cardiac care in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk among the 4 surrounding hospitals providing similar services (Best Hospitals, 2008). Schneider Children’s Hospital The second hospital of discussion is the Schneider Children’s Hospital (SCH); this institution is a 154 bed tertiary hospital located in New Hyde Park, New York and is part of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health Care System. The hospital is committed to the complete care of children, from premature infants to adolescence.Since its inception in 1983, the hospital has provided outpatient medical service to over 162,000 children. The hospital treats a vast variety of diseases such as epilepsy, cancer, cardiac, and cystic fibrosis. Sp ecial services are provided for Lyme disease, the deaf, food allergies, immunology, human genetics, cardiac surgery, emergency and trauma. The facility proclaims to be â€Å"a destination hospital for children across the United States and around the world† (Schneider Children’s Hospital, n. d. , para. 1). SCH is the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children.It has prided itself on being named one of America’s best children’s hospitals for two years in a row by the U. S. News and World Report (Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics, 2009). These rankings are based on good community standing, patient outcomes and care-related issues as patient volume, nursing care, advanced technology and recognition by outside organizations. The hospital has several consultation centers throughout Long Island and New York City to offer specialized healthcare to children right in their own community.The Centers provide specialized services for a broad range of medical conditions such as heart disease, neurological disorders, cancer, Lyme disease, growth deficiencies, and other childhood illnesses. The main marketing strategy to attract it target audience is through a community newsletter, its participation in community events and sponsorships, a pediatric mobile unit for the uninsured, television, radio and newspaper advertisements. The institution asserts that it provides the only pediatric emergency department with 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout Long Island.The hospital publicizes its emergency department as a Level 1 pediatric trauma center with a team of pediatric emergency physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologist and trauma nurses (Schneider Children’s Hospital); these distinctive healthcare services, along with a strong marketing and public relations department has persuaded many consumers’ perceptions and preferences for such services. Another service worth mentioning is that of its cardiac surgery division; SCH advertises that it has been recognized as one of the largest volume pediatric cardiac programs in New York State and the largest in Long Island.The hospital provides extensive experience with an entire range of congenital and acquired heart diseases in children and adolescence. The institution claims to be the only hospital on Long Island with the ability to provide extracorporeal membrane support for the support of certain high-risk pediatric cardiac patients. The image of having such technological advance equipment as well as the expertise for such procedures, positions SCH with high attributes as an advanced hospital for pediatric cardiac programs. The Similarities and Differences of the Organizations The similarities and differences between St.Francis Hospital and Schneider Children’s Hospital are quite evident; similarly each hospital treats children, pediatric cardiac procedures and pediatric emergency medicine; both are tertiary and trauma centers. The differences are also obvious; SCH only treats pediatrics and overall provides more pediatric specialty services than St. Francis Hospital. Saint Francis treats adults with congenital heart disease, besides children with such defects. SCH is the only facility that can provide extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk pediatric cardiac patients.These differences in the specific specialties allow these hospitals to coexist and maintain their own market niche or unique identities. By means of strategic positioning, St. Francis has been branded as â€Å"The Heart Center† of the region. This image of the institution has been successfully established in the minds of the consumer. The message has been driven by both the victorious marketing strategy of the hospital along with patient and physician word-of-mouth and free publicity by the media when success stories come to pass; the well planned-out marketing of St.Francis’ technological advances in cardiac surgery differentiate it from the competitors. When consumers or patients perceive the difference between this hospital and another tertiary care center, the preference of the consumer is due to the differences in quality, service and status. The same holds true for Schneider Children’s Hospital; their positioning strategy is clear through their mission statement expressed throughout their newsletters and ads, and states that they are dedicated to providing the highest level of care that speak to the special needs of children; from premature babies to adolescents.They also communicate to be a prominent hospital for children across the United States and around the world (Schneider Childrenâ€⠄¢s Hospital, n. d. ). SCH differentiates itself from the rest by being the only hospital located on Long Island dedicated to the care of children and provides a pediatric emergency department with the only 24 hour pediatric attending coverage throughout the region. Borna and Chapman noted (1993) consumer perceptions is the common underlying concept of both product differentiation and positioning.The positioning declaration must express how ones organization differs from the competition and this must be filled in the clients mind. The attributes of the above hospitals are viewed as different and unique and are highly valued by the community and its consumers. Their services offer a benefit considerable enough that stands out in the minds of the end user; this uniqueness is characterized by criteria such as quality, a high level of service, convenience, reputation and high technology.References Best Children’s Hospitals: General Pediatrics (2009). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. snews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQPEDS/state+NY/metro_area+/name+/sort+/page_number+1/page_size+10 Best Hospitals: Heart and Heart Surgery. (2008). U. S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/directories/hospitals/index_html/specialty+IHQCARD/state+/page_number+1/page_size+10/sort+/name+/metro_area+Nassau-Suffolk/zip+/distance+/detail+more Borna, S. , Chapman, J. (1993). Product Differentiation and Positioning: Confused Concepts. American Journal of Business, 8 (1), 51-56. HealthGrades (2009). Patient Safety. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. healthgrades. om/consumer/index. cfm? fuseaction=modmodtype=hospitalsmodact=hospitals_search_resultsprodtype=hospratstate=NYcity=maparea=proc=tabset=psa New York State Department of Health (2004). Adult Cardiac Surgery in New York State [White paper]. Retrieved from New York State Department of Health: http://www. health. state. ny. us/nysdoh Schneider Children’s Hospital (n. d. ). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. schneiderchildrenshospital. org/ St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center (2007). About Us. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. stfrancisheartcenter. com/chsli/sfh/live/utility/about. html How to cite Positioning and Differentation, Papers

Global Business Australian Pharmaceutical Company

Question: Describe about the Global Business for Australian Pharmaceutical Company. Answer: Introduction The assignment seeks to explain the case of an Australian pharmaceutical company that aims to consider South Africa and China to expand the purview of the business and enter the global marketplace. With the changing perspective of the society, the pharmaceutical industry of China and South Africa occupies a phenomenal place in that sphere. China is the worlds largest producer of the medicine ingredients and has a leading medicinal drug market. At the same time, South Africa also maintains a supreme position in the domain of the pharmaceutical industry (Tsui and Lau 2012). The value of Africas pharmaceutical industry leaped to $20.8 billion in 2013 from a hitherto staggering $4.7 billion. The pharmaceutical business of both the countries (China and South Africa) is booming at a rapid pace (Papaioannou et al. 2015). The assignment reflects on the background of an Australian pharmaceutical research company (AMCAL Pharma) that endeavors to extend the scope of the business to the countries of China and South Africa and enter the global business. In the second segment, the paper evaluates the potential of both the countries (China and South Africa) through a comparative analysis of risks and opportunities. The third section explains and analyses the market strategy based on the business development and host country business milieu. Background to the company The discourse centers on the development and the growth of an Australian pharmaceutical company (AMCAL Pharma) that aims to expand the scope of the business to the countries of China and South Africa. Major General C.H Simpson founded Allied Master Chemicals of Australia Limited (Amcal) on 13 July 1937 (Www.amcal.com.au 2016). It was initiated as a movement that had an important influence on the development of pharmacy in Australia. The founding group comprised 11 pharmacists. A buying group that possessed by the members who all had the shares with the AMCAL group. It is still operating as a marketing group. However, a franchise segment of Amcal, entitled Amcal Max is functioning under an advantageous and competitive framework. Analysis of Risks and Challenges China With the growing economic potential of China, the peoples healthcare regimen is also reviving. Consequently, Chinas pharmaceutical market is accelerating at a rapid pace. The pharmaceutical market has witnessed an average growth rate of between 15% and 17% over the past decade. According to variegated sources, the net profit of Chinas pharmaceutical industry in 2012 was $60 billion. The pharmaceutical market will achieve a comprehensive growth rate of 12% from 2013 to 2020 (Www.pacificbridgemedical.com 2014) Of all the production, half of the sales go to western drug segment and the rest get absorbed into the fold of the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM). On the other hand, a large part goes to nutraceuticals and biologics. In 2011, China took the third position in the particular sphere, greater than the UK, Italy, Canada, Spain or Brazil (Gasman et al. 2013). In the recent time, China endures the most of risks and challenges in the sphere of health care. The first risk entails the deteriorating food pattern of the Chinese made them inherently sick. Chronic diseases are escalating at a rapid pace (Zhang et al. 2012). A handful of patients become the victims of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardiovascular drugs are on high demand. According to 2011 Health Statistics Yearbook, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of China identifies various diseases that lead them to inferno (Www.pacificbridgemedical.com 2014). The second risk necessitates, the traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) play a significant role in the domain of Chinese healthcare. However, Western medicines are the most effective drugs for curing pernicious diseases and surgical procedures. Due to an increasing demand for pharmaceutical drugs, many foreign medicine companies carved out a unique space in the sphere of health care (Hillier et al. 2013). The western drug companies began to identify their target audience and create a phenomenon in the field. In the recent time, the handful of domestic pharmaceutical companies in China remains concentrated and are unable to compete with their foreign counterparts (Chiralli 2014). Therefore, the domestic Chinese drug companies emphasize on the production of generic or specific drugs that cater to the preference of the customers. Generic drug production occupies a colossal part of the pharmaceutical industry of China. Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd has set a paradigm in developi ng generic or specific drugs that aim to cure the vital diseases affecting the cardio-vascular system, Central Nervous System. It deals with the maintenance of metabolism and oncology (Www.sihuanpharm.com 2016). Unlike the foreign companies, the local companies have made scarce investment in research and development. Therefore, many foreign firms aimed to co-operate with the foreign players to focus on Sino-foreign joint ventures (JVs). For an instance, the American Taishan Pharmaceuticals Company forms an agreement with a group that involves the China International Exchange Center for Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), China National Cooperation of Traditional Chinese and Herbal Medicine, and the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Drugs Company (Venkat 2014). However, the foreign companies endeavor to establish their own identity as a wholly foreign-oriented enterprise. Sanofi ($SNY), Eli Lilli ($LLY) and Merck ($ MRK (David et al. 2015) pick the gauntlet of the pharmaceutical business in China. It spawns a hyper-competitive, high-stakes market situation, which can push big sales. With the strengthening of ties with the government, Sanofi aims to provide diabetes training. This type of divergen ce is manifest in the picture The third risk involves, the area of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) garners low profit from the competitive character and government price cuts. Therefore, the local Chinese drug companies embark on the western-style mechanism of producing medicines (Park et al. 2012). The Chinese pharmaceutical industry is largely segmented, which means that there are scores of manufacturers and sellers without any lump sum market share. Local pharmaceutical companies are particularly small size and accrue a low rate of profit. Therefore, they could not invest on the Research and Development sectors. At the same time, they function in hyper-competitive milieu and possess an insignificant rate of profit (Shao et al. 2013). The fourth risk states that due to a considerable dearth of infrastructure and logistical delivery equipment in the rural regions, it is hard to maintain effective drugs deliverance to Chinas rural areas. The main risk is that the small and concentrated distribution system creates problems, as far as the regulation of drugs is concerned (Chen et al. 2015). The manufacturers often face the problem of covering the whole gamut of rural distribution of medicines. Because of the small size of distributor units, the manufactures could not meet the targets. Therefore, the fourth and the most important challenge explains that there is no composite product tracking system between manufacturers and distributors that makes product tracking mechanism a problematic in the rural region (Bollampally et al. 2015) South Africa Before analyzing the risks and challenges faced by South Africa, it is important to comprehend the nature and the trajectory of the pharmaceutical industry of the region. It is indispensable to have an access to the essential medicines that maintains sustainable balance of health. The number of people with a steady access to essential medicines has leaped to 4 billion in 2002 from a meager 2.1 billion (ECSA Health Community). It is significant to understand the factors that affect the pharmaceutical production of Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of Africa that encompass the African union. Production and diffusion of medicines in East and South Africa A motley of countries dispersed in East and South Africa have domestic pharmaceutical units. Africa and Kenya maintain a wide array of local manufacturing units. Kenya particularly exports between 35 and 45 % of its medicines to other parts of the country; mainly to East, Central and Southern Africa countries, (Mahomoodally 2013).The pharmaceutical industry of South Africa is highly fragmented. South Africa maintains a limited degree of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) production. Due to an insignificant domestic production of medicines in the regions of South Africa, the part relies on the import of essential medicines (Iwu 2014). Factors affecting the pharmaceutical companies The African Union (AU) Summit developed a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing plan for Africa in 2007. The manufacturing plan locates the defects and crises to domestic medicine production. Firstly, a debilitating policy environment and restricted governmental support, related to the maintenance of a steady domestic investment in the specific field. Secondly, high tariffs on imported units and extravagant interest rates on the credit and other facilities. The main challenge states that the government of South Africa experiences shortage of capital. Due to a lack of credit facilities, the sustenance of the pharmaceutical industry is not maintained (Rezai 2012). Thirdly, dearth of capital and man expertise, as far as the inclusion of scientists and industrial pharmacy is concerned. The recent Deloitte report entitled The Skills Gap in Manufacturing elucidates that the country could hardly maintain a reservoir of talented workers in the present time in South Africa. At the other end of the spe ctrum, there is a source of potential in the regions of South Africa (Www2.deloitte.com 2012). Fourthly, there is a lack of international collaborative ventures. Fifthly, the medicine companies countenance the challenge in using the essential expertise technology for various purposes. Many companies confront shortage of regulatory enforcement that helps to upgrade production standards. Sixthly, weak market base within individual countries and lack of research potential. Afro-Foreign joint ventures In the recent time, the government of South Africa deliberates on the improvement of the pharmaceutical situation by forging alliance with the foreign companies. The government of Mozambique forms a collaborative venture with the government of Brazil. The international partnership culminates in the formation of Mozambican Medications Company (SMM) (Brazil-Mozambique ARV Plant). The joint enterprise emphasizes the production of generic or specific drugs for the treatment of obnoxious diseases such as AIDS and Cancer (ECSA Health Community) In 2007, Cipla Limited, a premier Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer helped Uganda to improve its technical expertise in the field of pharmaceutical industry. These examples reflect the improving character of the pharmaceutical industry in the present time. At the same time, South African pharmacy firms such as IMS Health (Www.imshealth.com 2016) and others deliberate on the development of high-end pharmaceutical companies focusing on the international partnership. The South African pharmaceutical firms such as Sun Pharma embarks on the production and distribution of generic drugs that help to fight against the crucial diseases such as Cancer, diabetes and AIDS (Www.sunpharma.com 2016). Selection and justification In the process of addressing the assignment, the writer selects the country China and substantiates the stance behind the selection of the country. The reason behind choosing the specific country is that the pharmaceutical industry of China is comparatively in a better position than South Africa. The domestic pharmaceuticals of South Africa countenances huge problems, as far as the procurement of medicines is concerned. Therefore, South Africa aims to follow China that has set a quintessential mark by establishing state-owned medicine manufacturing facility. The development of the domestic line helps to cater to the growing demand for medicines and acts as an import substitution scheme. South Africa attempts to bring in a paradigm shift in the sphere of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the paper selects China as the model country and the discussion centers on the development of pharmaceutical segment of China. In order to expand the horizon of the Australian pharmaceutical industry, the framework of China fits the bill. The Australian pharmacy could extend its reach to the parts of China and enter the Eastern unit of the global marke t. Justification of the proposed entry mode/strategy in the International Business Definition of Participation Strategy: Equity and Non-Equity Mode Foreign market entry modes (Participation Strategy) explain the degree of risk they entails, the regulation of resources they require and the increasing return on investment. There are two major variants of entry modes: equity and non-equity modes. The category of non-equity mode involves export and contractual agreements. In an equity mode, collaborative enterprises and wholly owned subsidiaries are the two facets of the programme. A joint venture is a fledgling entity jointly concocted and owned by two or more principal companies. A combined enterprise allows the organization to share cost, risks and profits. On the hindsight, the joint ventures include many disadvantageous points such as distance, cultural divergence, different goals and stakes. Conversely, a wholly owned subsidiary is an ancillary unit owned by the foreign multinational unit. In the discourse, the writer selects the equity mode of market strategy. In the segment, the joint venture model of the equity mode/entry of marketing strategy should be taken into consideration. Substantiation of the Equity Model with the Australian case The Australian pharmaceutical company (Amcal) aims to expand the purview of the business and extends the control to the eastern region of China. Consequently, the company enters the Eastern part of the global space and engages in collaborative ventures. The Australian company Amcal is an old pharmaceutical company. It wants to specialize in the production of generic or specific medicines produced by China. Therefore, the company of Australia emphasizes on the joint collaboration with Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd that particularly produces generic drugs to cure critical diseases. In this manner, the Australian company would extend the scope and the profundity of the business. The Australian pharmaceutical company seeks to form a partnership with the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) giant, Tong Ren Tang through the usage of the equity mode/entry of marketing strategy. Tong Ren Tang maintains the legacy of producing the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) since the 17th century. The company, like the older Chinese companies, aims to accommodate significant market revisions. It is one of the oldest brands for the production of Chinese medicines. The company controls the whole gamut of traditional medicines that include acupuncture, massage and other herbal medicines. Tong Ren Tang forges collaboration with various International countries such as California, San Jose, Germany. Keeping in mind the factors, the writer selects the equity mode/entry of market strategy. Under the equity mode, the concept of joint collaboration is embedded in the narrative. The Australian pharmaceutical company wants to create an alliance with the top ranking Chinese local pharmaceutical ventures such as Sihuan Pharmaceutical group and Tong Ren Tang that underscore the production of generic or specific medicines and the procurement of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Conclusion The assignment explicates the instance of an Australian pharmaceutical company that endeavors to extend the scope of the business and enter the global space. The discussion centers on the background of the Australian Company (AMCAL) that wants to expand the horizon of the business by considering the model of China or South Africa. In the segment, the writer makes a comprehensive analysis of the risks and challenges faced by the health care and pharmaceutical companies of China and South Africa. In the next section, the paper selects a particular country (China) and provides the reason behind the selection. In the last section, the writer picks up the entry/ mode of marketing strategy (Equity mode) and takes into account the Joint Venture aspect of the Equity mode of marketing strategy. At the same time, the assignment also discusses the reasons behind choosing the proposed mode. It gives suitable examples that reflect the alliance between the Australian Company (AMCAL) and the Chines e local medicine companies. In the particular case, the writer selects two Chinese local pharmaceutical companies that specialize in generic medicines and traditional medicines such as Sihuan Pharmaceutical Group and Tong Ren Tang. References: Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://Www2.deloitte.com [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Bollampally, K. and Dzever, S., 2015. The impact of RFID on pharmaceutical supply chains: India, China and Europe compared.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(S4). Chen, K.C., Lu, R., Iqbal, U., Hsu, K.C., Chen, B.L., Nguyen, P.A., Yang, H.C., Huang, C.W., Li, Y.C.J., Jian, W.S. and Tsai, S.H., 2015. Interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and western drugs in Taiwan: A population-based study.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,122(3). Chirali, I.Z., 2014.Traditional Chinese medicine cupping therapy. Elsevier Health Sciences. David, B., Wolfender, J.L. and Dias, D.A., 2015. The pharmaceutical industry and natural products: historical status and new trends.Phytochemistry Reviews,14(2), pp.299-315. Gasman, O., Reepmeyer, G. and von Zedtwitz, M., 2013.Leading pharmaceutical innovation: Trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Hillier, S.M. and Jewell, T., 2013.Health care and traditional medicine in China 1800-1982. Routledge. IMS Health. (2016). Creating Connected Solutions for Better Healthcare Performance. [online] Available at: https://www.imshealth.com/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Iwu, M.M., 2014.Handbook of African medicinal plants. CRC press. Mahomoodally, M.F., 2013. Traditional medicines in Africa: an appraisal of ten potent African medicinal plants.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2013. Papaioannou, T., Watkins, A., Kale, D. and Mugwagwa, J., 2015. Industry associations, health innovation systems and politics of development: the cases of India and South Africa.Business and Politics,17(2), pp.253-289. Park, H.L., Lee, H.S., Shin, B.C., Liu, J.P., Shang, Q., Yamashita, H. and Lim, B., 2012. Traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan: a brief introduction and comparison.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2012. Rezaie, R., McGahan, A.M., Frew, S.E., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A., 2012. Emergence of biopharmaceutical innovators in China, India, Brazil, and South Africa as global competitors and collaborators.Health Research Policy and Systems,10(1). Shao, L.I. and ZHANG, B., 2013. Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: theory, methodology and application.Chinese journal of natural medicines,11(2), pp.110-120. Sunpharma.com. (2016). Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.. [online] Available at: https://Www.sunpharma.com [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Tsui, A.S. and Lau, C.M. eds., 2012.The management of enterprises in the Peoples Republic of china. Springer Science Business Media. Venkat, M.V. and Kelly, L., 2014. Journal of Diabetes.Journal of Diabetes. Welcome to Amcal. (2016). Amcal.com.au. Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://www.amcal.com.au/ Www.pacificbridgemedical.com. (2014). Zhang, L., Yan, J., Liu, X., Ye, Z., Yang, X., Meyboom, R., Chan, K., Shaw, D. and Duez, P., 2012. Pharmacovigilance practice and risk control of Traditional Chinese Medicine drugs in China: current status and future perspective.Journal of ethno pharmacology

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles

The center issue for some, content advertisers is this: How would I thought of article themes? Without points, you have no articles, no substance, and hence no substance showcasing. Clearly we have to make sense of how to think of theme thoughts rapidly and viably. Before you begin, some brisk standards: The thought behind this activity is amount, not really quality. You may think of some garbage thoughts as you race to record them, however at any rate youll concoct thoughts. Those thoughts can be kneaded and urged into a marvelous title or theme for a triumphant article. Try not to give the ideal a chance to be the foe of the great. Power yourself to record stuff. When you really start to type words, you start to concoct more thoughts and to think in clearer ways. There are three noteworthy segments Ive laid out in which you will be incited to consider thoughts well as to record those thoughts. This activity will be totally pointless except if you really record things. This is thought age as it were. Presently isnt an ideal opportunity to dole out article themes, make the ideal feature, or make the sections for your digital book. This isnt an article schedule. This isnt article plots. These are thoughts, unadulterated and straightforward. Bind your endeavors, and youll boost your profitability. Be as particular as could be expected under the circumstances. Coming up next is a procedure for concocting huge amounts of subject thoughts, however the specifics are dependent upon you. As you record stuff, likewise drive yourself to be particular. Go to a place that is free from diversions and interference. This doesnt should be anyplace mystical or exceptional. Simply kill your telephone if that makes a difference. Open a report to catch your contemplation. Since our objective now is speed and productivity, it doesnt make a difference what note-taking application you pick. I utilize Ever note and Drive for speedy and-simple archive creation. Begin your clock for 30 minutes. Having a particular measure of time will drive you to be gainful. Its engaged time. Realizing that the clock is ticking during the time will either deaden you or spur you to activity. On the off chance that you feel incapacitated, recollect that you have to jump start yourself. The inquiry stage. Guidelines: Ask yourself the accompanying inquiries, and attempt to make something like two subject thoughts from every one: What are you enthusiastic about in your industry? Is there a specific point or approach that gets you energized? Whats your most noteworthy aptitude? What do you want to invest the vast majority of your energy in? Instead of answer these inquiries straightforwardly, consider article points that you can get from them. How could you begin in your industry? Everybody enters their specialty in an unexpected way. How could you get intrigued by your zone? What preparing did you have? What are the best research paper writing services that can be used? Try not to fear getting individual here. The best substance is stuff that is close to home, while still noteworthy and arranged to your group of onlookers. Individuals love to find out about others encounters and to peruse things from a first-individual point of view. Where, when, and how would you do your best function? Every industry will have its very own interpretation of completing stuff the hows and whys. You can turn into the legitimate voice in your industry for how to do it. Consider tips by like maintaining a strategic distance from burnout, expanding profitability, and achieving real assignments. For what reason do you appreciate being in your industry? There might be some days when your work is a task, however shouldnt something be said about those splendid minutes? How would you remain roused in your industry? How do particular difficulties rouse you? How do the encounters interest you? What is changing in your industry? Each industry has its improvements, mechanical advancements, and real shakeups. These are extraordinary ebb and flow subjects that will fuel look questions and drive movement. Scribble down a couple of these changes, and haul out some article themes. More often than not, you wont have the capacity to pose yourself as a breaking news supplier. Or maybe, you should take the situation of giving assessment, analysis, reaction, or counsel dependent on the advancements. What are a few procedures or practices that you have consummated? On the off chance that youve accomplished some dimension of skill in a particular zone, portray how you did it. Propelled controls and nitty gritty themes are ideal. Ive done this with SEO and substance advertising and seen some extremely solid comes back from it. The Search Phase Guidelines: Here, youll enter the hunt stage effectively searching out thoughts somewhere else on the web. Play out every one of the accompanying hunts, and scribble down no less than five thoughts from each source. Visit the online journals of industry pioneers. What are different pioneers saying? On the off chance that they are on the whole talking about comparative things, theres a decent shot you should be a piece of the discussion. Join the theme and give your very own point. A few web journals share the most-visited or most well known posts. Theres a decent shot that the best post is an evergreen theme that persistently drives movement. Take that theme, reshape it, and utilize it yourself.

Washington vs. DuBois essays

Washington vs. DuBois essays Two African American leaders that fought to bring their race to a more heightened sense of equality are Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. Though these men sought the same goal of social, political, and economic equality, regardless of race, they possessed two warring ideals and strategies on how to achieve that goal. Washington took on a more weak-minded path on the way to equality and would rather work from the bottom up than to infuriate the whites, whereas DuBois believed that equality would be accomplished by fighting to get to the top. Washington, in order to gain social, political, and economic equality, believed that African Americans needed to surrender their status and position in society and act subservient towards the white man. He believed that the South was beginning to accept the blacks since the government of Atlanta took the time to request that he participate in the opening of the Atlanta Exposition and on the board of Jurors of Award. He conceived that, since the government was taking its time to incorporate a black man into their special functions, things must be letting up for the rest of the race as well. He told both blacks and whites to cast down their buckets where they are because each would benefit from one another. Blacks, according to Washington, should seek the influence of the whites in major political issues because they had more experience. The whites, on the other hand, could use the African Americans for labor because they were the ones who cared for the whites during slavery without s trikes or labor wars despite their harsh treatment. Washingtons view of the ethnic relationships was that each had something valuable to offer the other and that those attributions should not be overlooked. He also saw that, though it was highly imperative that blacks receive the privileges of the law, they needed to prepare for such liberties through starting at the bottom of society. He ...

Gmo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gmo - Essay Example The above processes require a combination of many processes, preservatives, and dyes so as to render the genetically modified foods safe for human consumption and be generally acceptable. Health problems can arise from the food additives used or due to the genetic alteration of the modified foods. Health problems such as allergies, attention deficient hyperactivity disorder, cancer, diabetes, renal failure, and even Alzheimer’s disease (Smith, 2014). Studies show that the above diseases which have been traced back to engineered foods are due to changes in normal metabolism of food. Food allergies is one of the mst prevalent health isues associated with engineered food. Food allergies can be defined as an immune response to some foreign constituents. Genetically modified foods are fortified with various proteins that may evoke an allergic response (Smith, 2014). That is, many engineered foods are processed by addition of genes (proteins) which do not occur naturally in plants. Examples of these synthetic foods that cause allergies include soya beans and corn. Such proteins can evoke an immune response in the body. Clinical signs and symptoms that are observed in food allergies include; However, allergies are not known to be fatal. Thus, prolonged exposure to such irritants will increase the occurrence of allergies, but they do not pose a major health issue. On the social side, allergies affect the quality of life of people and can pose a financial constraint on the victims. ADHD is a brain developmental problem and is commonly exhibited by children in their early teen and even earlier. Such children have a problem focusing and they exhibit behavioural disorders. ADHD is characterized by three main symptoms. These include hyperactivity, being impulsive, and inability to pay attention. Attention deficient disorder starts during childhood and can progress into

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 191

Summary - Essay Example Most reviewers have given positive comments about the film and commended it as a classic production. The plot is cast deep in the Chechen Mountains in a war environment. While on war duty, Russian soldiers get ambushed by a group of rebels. A fight ensues between the two groups which ends in the death of all the Russian soldiers save for two; Sasha and Vanya. The two of them get taken captive by the rebels who subject them to a situation where they have to cope with cross cultural and civilization differences. Notably, Sasha is and old soldier while Vanya is merely a new recruit. Perhaps it is this difference that makes them bear differences in preferences and characteristic traits. While the former works on a plan of escaping, the latter instead develops an approach of attempting to please his captors in one way or the other. While Sasha remains extremely cynical, Vanya gets portrayed as gawky and Naà ¯ve. In the Caucasus where they are captured, Islam is the main religion. As a result, they both have to cope with Islamic tendencies. They get chained together and have to live as one almost all through. This forces the two into developing a comradely bond and the warmth of support for one another. Specifically, the young soldier begins to develop emotions and feelings for their captor’s daughter which makes him warmer to the family as opposed to his counterpart. Apparently, the daughter of their captor also gets touched by Vanya’s kindness and warmth; a point that makes her risk the wrath of her father by extending a warm and helping hand to the former. The reason for keeping the soldiers captive is the hope of a possible swap between the rebels and the Russian Soldiers. Apparently, the Russian soldiers also hold the son of the chief captor hostage. The major themes portrayed in the film include pessimism, disillusionment, war, despair, and extreme cases

Nikola Teslas Conspiracy Theories

Nikola Teslas Conspiracy Theories Nikola Tesla and his Conspiracies Introduction Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest inventors during the history, due to his advanced research in his lifetime and the discovery of alternating current (AC) and work with electromagnetism. Before dying he was exploring the possibility of sending electricity to long distances wireless by sending Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) waves. Since his last project was never finished and due to the estrange death, several conspiracy theories prowl around his inventions and death. The conspiracy theory states that big amounts of ELF waves are transmitted to the ionosphere, which act like a mirror and reflects the waves on earth. These waves hit the earth and the potential energy is released causing natural catastrophes. In 1993, different divisions of the U.S. Government developed the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), based on Tesla’s studies. According to the conspiracy theory the U.S. is using HAARP as a weapon against countries like Iran, Pakistan, Philippines and others as a weather weapon. This paper exposes Teslas life and his most important investigations, to recognize the conspiracy theories that surround him. 1. Nikola Tesla and his inventions This chapter contains some of the most relevant episodes in the life of Nikola Tesla and â€Å"his inventions†, based on his own publications before his controversial death. 1.1 His life and work Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia[1] in 1856, surrounded by a clergy family, who wanted him to enter the Greek Church after he graduated (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). In 1873 after he surviving from Cholera, he decided to enter in 1875 the Polytechnic School at Graz to become a mathematics and physics professor, and since his first year of studies, Tesla started to develop controversial experiments with a Gramme dynamo: he claimed the commutators were not necessary, leading him to change to the engineering curriculum (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). After finishing his studies and moving around Maribor, Gospic, Prague and Budapest, in 1882 he was hired in Paris by the Continental Edison Company dedicated to electric lighting, where he sees the chance to publish his work (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). Then he decides to go to the Unites States of America to work with Thomas Alva Edison (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). After publishing several patents, in 1888 he published his first work at Columbia University in New York: A New System of Alternate-Current Motors and Transformers, where he proved the commutators could be dispensed from motors, by using polyphase currents, which headed him to experiment more with AC and high frequencies, guiding to some of his most relevant inventions (Tesla, 2007). From that moment, until his death, Nikola Tesla developed and published hundreds of patents, articles and books, and received recognitions for his work. Finally in 1943 he died in New York due to unknown causes that will be further reviewed in the third chapter. 1.2 His inventions â€Å"Tesla was an inventor, but he was much more than a producer of new devices: he was a discoverer of new principles, opening many new empires of knowledge which even today have been only partly explored† (ONeill, 2007). As showed on his Life and Work, since Tesla was a young man he started researching and developing his own ideas, improving the motors and generators company. In fact, in 1888 he received the patent for the induction motor still used today (Tesla, 1904). Two years later, he founded with other investors in the Ames Power Plant, the first power station to transmit high voltage AC for long distances (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). The same year he would invent the Tesla Coil and transformer to power wireless lighting systems, which also contributed in radio as a system of transmitting electrical energy and an electrical transmitter as he called it (Tesla, 1904, Chapter 4). In 1899 Nikola Tesla detected a new geo-electrical phenomenon: terrestrial stationary waves, which supported his theory of electricity transportation around the world and later on it would be the basis of the World-Wide Wireless System (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). When in 1900 I obtained powerful discharges of 100 feet (in the Colorado Springs laboratory) and flashed a current around the globe, I was reminded of the first tiny spark I observed in my Grand St. laboratory and was thrilled by sensations akin to those I felt when I discovered the rotating magnetic field (Tesla, 1904). This is how Tesla’s most ambitious project started in 1901: the construction of the Wardenclyffe Tower to send wireless power around the world. Although he invested all his money on his research investors dropped the project and the Wardenclyffe Tower was never finished (Start Publishing LLC, 2013), leaving the uncertainty that still today is maintained if it is possible to send electricity all over the world. 2. The Conspiracy The conspiracy theories behind Nikola Tesla start with his controversial work and hard relationship with colleagues, and the apparent collaboration in the World War II, which supposedly led him to be murdered. Besides that, the use of his research as a basis to develop Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is another conspiracy attributed to Tesla. There are basically two conspiracy theories behind Tesla’s life and work. The first conspiracy states that Tesla was murdered by powerful bankers from the U.S. because Tesla’s project to provide free energy to the world was not convenient for their economic interest, and the second conspiracy says that Tesla was murdered because some people thought that he had advanced studies to create WMD. To put into context this second theory, it must be taken into consideration that he died while the WWII was taking place and for this reason it can be deduced that, there were some interest on his projects from different military agencies around the world. One thing that cannot be denied is that Nikola Tesla had a brilliant mind, he developed several interesting projects which were decades ahead of their time. By the nature of his inventions, military intelligence circles or giant corporations could be interested on Tesla’s projects. 2.1 Tesla’s Death After Tesla’s death in January 1943, and because of the political-social-economic situation of the time (the WWII) the FBI and some other U.S. Government agencies could be quite interested in Tesla’s ideas and projects regarding weaponry. There was some fear that Tesla’s work could fall into the hands of Soviets or any other powers. Just right after Tesla’s death, his nephew â€Å"Sava Kosanovic† arrived at the hotel where his uncle died, but according to him, there were several technical papers missing as well as a notebook which was marked as â€Å"Government†. An investigator from the FBI said that the U.S. was â€Å"vitally interested† in saving Tesla’s documents, in deed envoys of the Office of Alien Property[2] went to Tesla’s room at the New York Hotel and collect all his belongings, Figure X (PBS, 2004). Figure X (http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/fbi_05.html) According to the website www.psb.org after the WWII, the interest of beam weapons grew up, and Tesla’s basic ideas were taking into consideration to develop these weapons, the papers that contain Tesla’s ideas were never found. Many years after this event, scientists have been looking for those papers without any success (PBS, 2004). There is another theory that says that Tesla was murdered by Hitler’s people, according to a guy called Eric Bermen, he was dating a girl, he say that the girl’s father was Otto Skorzeny a legendary SS (Schutzstaffel) involved in the WWII, and an officer-cadet from the Hitler’s bodyguard regime, Figure X. After Skorzeny death, Bermen collect data about Skorzenys Nazi cohorts and created an unpublishing manuscript in which reveal information such as: â€Å"Skorzenys role (with Reinhard Gehlen) in the assassination ofNikola Tesla(suffocation) on January 6, 1943 after tricking Tesla on January 5 into revealing the full details of his most important discoveries and then stealing his most valuable inventions, along with the contents of his safe, which were delivered to Hitler† (Adachi, 2007). Figure X (http://educate-yourself.org/cn/Skorzeny and Hitler 500w010.jpg) 2.2 Tesla’s HAARP project, the conspiracy behind The conspiracy theories about HAARP Electromagnetic waves would be used to make them collide with the ionosphere which would heat, resulting in an alteration of climate, including suspected that these same waves when falling on the earths crust would cause a series of vibrations which could give as a result, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Researchers and scientists believe that the increase in hurricanes, floods and droughts could have been caused by HAARP, HAARP meanwhile said that they only use a small part of the energy that are capable of generating, if so, what would happen if they use the billions of watts that produces the entire project? Even more adventurous opinions say that the mind control may be another objective of HAARP is now known that electromagnetic waves can lead to physical illness; alter the human psyche causing hysteria, hallucinations, items that would be used for crowd control. As we exposed previously, Tesla’s project HAARP had the purpose to delve into the effects of electromagnetic energy on the ionosphere. Conspiracists say that the development of this project had a sinister intention. They claim that HAARP is actually a WMD developed to break satellites and communication by blitzing the atmosphere with electromagnetic waves. These people believe for example, that the blackout in the North of the U.S. and South of Canada in 1993 was a consequence of the HAARP project (Theories Societies, 2008). For this reason, conspiracy theorists affirm that Tesla’s project about the transmission of electricity via wireless had been hushed up by the biggest electrical equipment companies. On the other hand, researcher Bertell R.[3] conducted a research about HAARP and she concluded that the HAARP program directed by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy was designed tounderstand, simulate and control ionospheric processes that might alter the performance of communication and surveillance systems and with this create the following effects: Produce low frequencies, as a way of communication with sunken submarines. Come to understand the natural ionospheric processes in order to modify or control them. Generate large amounts of high frequency energy, thus with this energy generate ionospheric processes that can be used for defense purposes. Modify some optical emissions which might be used to control radio waves and it’s propagation. So Bertell R. firmly believes that HAARP is not an isolated experiment but it belongs to an integral military program and claims that the project can be sold as random project to the public (Bertell, 1996). Below can be read some other scientists and agencies who think the Project HAARP has a dark side (Global Research, 2007): Prof. Michel Chossudovsky published an article in 2007 in which he state that â€Å"HAARP is a weapon of mass destruction, capable of destabilising agricultural and ecological systems globally.† Physicist Dr Bernard Eastlund called HAARP as the â€Å"the largest ionospheric heater ever built† The State Duma[4] claimed that the U.S. was creating large-scale weapons capable of break radio waves, provoke failures in electric systems, as well as in oil and gas pipelines and it could also affect the mental health of masses. Some people still claim that HAARP is a WMD waiting to be used by the military as a â€Å"death ray†. The credence is that the slight doses of microwaves sent to the ionosphere are just samples compared to the actual power of the machine. Actually they also think that HAARP could also conduct its rays anywhere on earth and can be used to trigger major weather disasters, earthquakes, mass brain damage on a global scale on request. HAARP is not operated by the military of the U.S. nevertheless the project is under the command of the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) this means that somehow it has to be related to the defense of the U.S. 3. References ONeill, J. J. (2007). Prodigal genius: The life of Nikola Tesla. San Diego, Calif: Book Tree. Start Publishing LLC (Ed.). (2013). Inventions, Researches And Writings Of Nikola Tesla. Unites States of America. Tesla, N. (1904). My Inventions: Autobiographical Notes. Tesla, N. (2007). Experiments With Alternate Currents of H: Gardners Books. Adachi, K. (2007). The Revelations of Otto Skorzeny, Part 1 (Martin Bormann: Reichsleiter in Exile American Retiree) by Ken Adachi July 2, 2007. Retrieved September 01, 2014, from http://educate-yourself.org/cn/martinbormannphotostocompare02jul07.shtml Bertell, R. (1996). Background on the HAARP Project. Rosalie Bertell. Retrieved September 06, 2014, from https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/212/45492.html Global Research. (2007). Weather Warfare: Beware the US Military’s Experiments with Climatic Warfare | Global Research. Retrieved September 09, 2014, from http://www.globalresearch.ca/weather-warfare-beware-the-us-military-s-experiments-with-climatic-warfare/7561 PBS. (2004). PBS: Tesla Master of Lightning: The Missing Papers. Retrieved September 03, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_mispapers.html Theories, C., Societies, S. (2008). No Title. [1] Smiljan used to be in the military frontier of Austra-Hungary. [2] TheOffice of Alien Property Custodianwas an office within the Government of theU.S.duringWWI and WWII, serving as acustodian of enemy property. [3] For more information visit http://www.globalresearch.ca/remembering-rosalie-bertell/31448 [4] State Duma was a legislative assembly, it does not exist anymore. [C1]Introduccion!!!

Sociology: Ethnicity and Crime

Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess explanations for apparent ethnic differences in involvement in crime (21 Marks) According to official statistics, ethnic minorities are largely linked to crime and their involvement if often over exaggerated. Item B shows that black people make up 11% of the prison population, despite the fact they make up just 2. 8% of the population. Whilst, Asians make up 4. 7% of the population yet 6% of the prison population.These statistics emphasise that ethnic minorities are over-represented in the criminal justice system, and so the use of alternate sources of statistics may help show a more accurate picture. Victim surveys ask individuals what crimes they have been victims of and help identify the correlation between ethnicity and offending. They tend to show a great deal of intra- ethnic crime but also include several limitations as they rely on victims memory of events which could result in over- identifying certain ethnic groups as the off ender.Whereas, self- report studies ask individuals to disclose their own dishonest and violent behaviour. The findings of self- report studies challenge the stereotypes of black people as being more likely than whites to offend. However, self-report studies also have their own limitations as inconsistency is shown through the evidence of ethnicity and offending. There are ethnic differences at each stage of the criminal justice process. Policing is often seen to be oppressive, as members of ethnic minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched with Asians being twice more likely than blacks to be stopped by the police. Feature Article –  Sociology TestThese allegations have meant ethnic minorities have limited faith in the police and therefore feel under protected. Police racism is one of the many causes behind stop and searches with the MacPherson report identifying institutional racism within the police force. These types of racist behaviour and stereotypes are endorsed and upheld by the â€Å"canteen culture† of rank and file officers and lead to deliberate targeting of stop and searches. In 2007, just over a quarter of the male prison population were from minority ethnic groups.As such, blacks were five times more likely to be in prison than whites while blacks and Asian offenders are more likely than whites to serve longer prison sentences. This is because ethnic minorities are less likely to be granted bail while awaiting trial. The official statistics on the criminal justice process shows striking differences between ethnic groups, and these patterns have been examined by lef t realists and neo- Marxists. Left realists, Lea and Young focus on the statistics which represent real differences in rates of offending by different ethnic groups.They argue that crime is the product of relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation whereby racism has led to the marginalisation and economic exclusion of ethnic minorities, who face a higher level of poverty and unemployment etc. In contribution to this, the media’s emphasis on consumerism promotes relative deprivation amongst ethnic groups, who are unable to attain these materialistic goods by legitimate means. This results into the formation of delinquent subcultures, most notable amongst unemployed black males.Utilitarian crimes are most likely to come of this, such as theft and robbery as a means of coping with relative deprivation. As these groups are likely to be marginalised, it means they are also likely to express their frustrations through non-utilitarian crime such as violence or rioting- thi s explains the involvement with crime by ethnic groups. Lea and Young acknowledge that the police may act in unjust ways but they don’t believe that discriminatory policing fully explains the differences in the statistics.Evidence to support this is that 90% of crime is reported to the police by the public rather than discovered by the police themselves. Lea and Young conclude their argument that the statistics represent real differences in levels of offending between ethnic groups, and that these are caused by real differences in levels of relative deprivation and marginalisation. Despite this, Lea and Young are criticised on several grounds that arrest rates for Asians may be lower than that of Blacks yet this isn’t because they are less likely to offend but because police stereotype the two differently.On the other hand, neo- Marxism tends to view statistics as a social construct resulting from racist labelling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Item B brings to light Gilroy’s argument over the myth of black criminality that â€Å"black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes of African Caribbean’s. In reality, this group is no more criminal than any other. However, as a result of the police and criminal justice system acting on these racist stereotypes, ethnic minorities come to be criminalized and therefore appear in greater numbers in the official statistics†.The item helps us understand the extent of stereotypes and its effects on ethnic groups, yet Gilroy furthers his argument by identifying working class crime is a political act of resistance to capitalism and a racist society. Lea and Young refute Gilroy’s argument, by suggesting that most crime is intra- ethnic, so it can’t be seen as an anti-colonial struggle against racism. Lea and Young also criticise Gilroy for romanticizing street crime as somehow revolutionary, when it’s nothing of the sort.Moreover, Stuart Hal l et al also adopts a neo- Marxist perspective and found that the 1970’s saw a moral panic over black â€Å"muggers† that served the interests of capitalism. As unemployment and strikes were increasing, the ruling class needed to use force to maintain social control. In their view, the emergence of the black mugger and the capitalist crisis was no coincidence, as the black mugger was used a scapegoat to distract attention from true causes of problems such as unemployment. By presenting black youth as a threat to society, the moral panic began dividing the working class on racial grounds.However, Hall et al doesn’t argue that black crime was solely a product of media and police labelling. The crisis of capitalism was increasingly marginalising black youth through unemployment which resulted them into committing petty crime as a means of survival. Hall et al’s study of policing the crisis was criticised for not presenting how the capitalist crisis led to a moral panic, nor do they provide evidence that the public were blaming crime on blacks. During recent years, the focus of ethnicity and crime has largely been on the over representation of black people in the criminal justice system.However, more recently there has been shift in other issues such as the racist victimisation of ethnic minorities. Racist victimisation was brought into greater public focus with the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence and the police handling of the case, where most information is brought to life by victim surveys such as the British Crime Survey. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. While the statistics recorded the instances of victimisation, they do not necessarily capture the victims’ experience of i t. Sampson and Phillips note, racist victimisation tends to be on going over time, with repeated minor instances of abuse and harassment interwoven with incidents of physical violence. This has led minority ethnic communities becoming more active in responding to victimisation, with situational crime prevention measures to organised self- defence campaigns taking place.Such responses need to be understood in the context of accusations of under- protection by the police, who fail to record or investigate reported incidents properly. The Macpherson enquiry into the Stephen Lawrence case concluded that the police investigation into death of the black teenager was â€Å"marred by a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers†. Ultimately, we have learnt the differences in ethnicity and crime but have established ethnic minorities also becoming subjected to victimisation.

Basic Beliefs of Judaism and its Relationship to Christianity Essay

Judaism is one of the oldest religions that still exist up to the present times. It is an establish covenant between the Jews and God. Jews ors followers of Judaism comprised only of 0. 2 percent of the world’s population. However, its influence on the world and society is far beyond the numbers indicated. Judaism and Christianity are two religions with some similar beliefs. First, the main belief of Judaism is that there is only one God who created and rule everything. Judaism is a monotheistic religion following only one Supreme Being (About. com, 2009). Christians also believe on a Supreme Being and Father of all who created and rules the world. Judaism also believes that the people are created in the image of God and all people are created equal (About. com, 2009). God created people with its intellectual ability to comprehend and understand which sets us apart from the animals. Therefore, we have freewill and responsible for our choices and decisions. Judaism is a religion of ethics that strongly adheres to the code of ethics and divine law as a way of life. Christianity also believes that people are created in the image of the Almighty God. Christians also follow the divine laws and make it as their moral standards. The Jews believes on the messiah that will come to bring the world to salvation. The person will come from the family of King David who will lead the world to peace and unity (About. com, 2009). The Christians also believes in the messiah in the persona of Jesus Christ who saves the sins of humanity. The Jews, however, do not believe that Jesus is the messiah. The main holy scripture of the Jews is the Tanakh which is equivalent to the Old Testament of the Holy Bible of Christianity. It is divided into three parts which include Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim. Another holy scripture is the Talmud which is composed of stories, laws and medical knowledge. Judaism does not have the version of the New Testament. In both religions, the Bible and the Tanakh serve as the main guidebook to the religious life of a person. In these scriptures are the written moral standards that should be followed to lead a righteous path. Judaism also has the version of the Ten Commandments which is considered as the most important commandments out of the 613 written in the Torah (About. com, 2009). The Ten Commandments are revealed to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. They strongly believe that God has a plan for human behavior and the Commandments are the ways of how humans should live their lives. Judaism has been a very influential religion in the aspect of culture and traditions. Today, more and more people are identifying themselves as Jewish. However, the contemporary Judaism is a more complex religion that associates both nation and faith. Oftentimes, Judaism follow strict adherence on the ritual laws and a more liberal attitude towards the religion. Judaism has been an influential religion in many nations. Many conflicts and feuds have started because of faith which involves Judaism. One of the famous conflicts is the battle over the land of Israel which is battled over by many religions like Islam and Christianity. The conflict originated during the early years. Judaism has also been influential in changing the lives of many people. Many people significantly altered their lives for the greater good and towards the right path. Reference About. com. (2009). Basic Beliefs of Judaism. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://judaism. about. com/od/abcsofjudaism/a/beliefsbasic. htm.

Chapter 1 Accounting Tb - 9143 Words

CHAPTER 1 THE ACCOUNTANT’S ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION TRUE/FALSE 1. Management accounting information focuses on external reporting. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 1 Terms to Learn: management accounting Management accounting information focuses on internal reporting. 2. A good cost accounting system is narrowly focused on a continuous reduction of costs. Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 Terms to Learn: cost accounting A good cost accounting system is broadly focused to provide information that helps managers at all levels implement, monitor, and evaluate company strategies. 3. Modern cost accounting plays a significant role in management decision making. Answer: True Difficulty: 1†¦show more content†¦Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategy Management accountants should play a significant role in deciding on a company’s strategy. 18. Companies can decide on an appropriate strategy based strictly on internally available information. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategy Companies must obtain external information as well as internal information to decide on an appropriate strategy. 19. Strategic cost management describes cost management that specifically focuses on strategic issues. Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategic cost management 20. The supply chain refers to the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3 Terms to Learn: supply chain The value chain refers to the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services. 21. An effective way to cut costs is to eliminate activities that do not improve the product attributes that customers value. Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3 Terms to Learn: cost management 22. 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