Nikola Teslas Conspiracy Theories

Nikola Teslas Conspiracy Theories Nikola Tesla and his Conspiracies Introduction Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest inventors during the history, due to his advanced research in his lifetime and the discovery of alternating current (AC) and work with electromagnetism. Before dying he was exploring the possibility of sending electricity to long distances wireless by sending Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) waves. Since his last project was never finished and due to the estrange death, several conspiracy theories prowl around his inventions and death. The conspiracy theory states that big amounts of ELF waves are transmitted to the ionosphere, which act like a mirror and reflects the waves on earth. These waves hit the earth and the potential energy is released causing natural catastrophes. In 1993, different divisions of the U.S. Government developed the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), based on Tesla’s studies. According to the conspiracy theory the U.S. is using HAARP as a weapon against countries like Iran, Pakistan, Philippines and others as a weather weapon. This paper exposes Teslas life and his most important investigations, to recognize the conspiracy theories that surround him. 1. Nikola Tesla and his inventions This chapter contains some of the most relevant episodes in the life of Nikola Tesla and â€Å"his inventions†, based on his own publications before his controversial death. 1.1 His life and work Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia[1] in 1856, surrounded by a clergy family, who wanted him to enter the Greek Church after he graduated (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). In 1873 after he surviving from Cholera, he decided to enter in 1875 the Polytechnic School at Graz to become a mathematics and physics professor, and since his first year of studies, Tesla started to develop controversial experiments with a Gramme dynamo: he claimed the commutators were not necessary, leading him to change to the engineering curriculum (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). After finishing his studies and moving around Maribor, Gospic, Prague and Budapest, in 1882 he was hired in Paris by the Continental Edison Company dedicated to electric lighting, where he sees the chance to publish his work (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). Then he decides to go to the Unites States of America to work with Thomas Alva Edison (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). After publishing several patents, in 1888 he published his first work at Columbia University in New York: A New System of Alternate-Current Motors and Transformers, where he proved the commutators could be dispensed from motors, by using polyphase currents, which headed him to experiment more with AC and high frequencies, guiding to some of his most relevant inventions (Tesla, 2007). From that moment, until his death, Nikola Tesla developed and published hundreds of patents, articles and books, and received recognitions for his work. Finally in 1943 he died in New York due to unknown causes that will be further reviewed in the third chapter. 1.2 His inventions â€Å"Tesla was an inventor, but he was much more than a producer of new devices: he was a discoverer of new principles, opening many new empires of knowledge which even today have been only partly explored† (ONeill, 2007). As showed on his Life and Work, since Tesla was a young man he started researching and developing his own ideas, improving the motors and generators company. In fact, in 1888 he received the patent for the induction motor still used today (Tesla, 1904). Two years later, he founded with other investors in the Ames Power Plant, the first power station to transmit high voltage AC for long distances (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). The same year he would invent the Tesla Coil and transformer to power wireless lighting systems, which also contributed in radio as a system of transmitting electrical energy and an electrical transmitter as he called it (Tesla, 1904, Chapter 4). In 1899 Nikola Tesla detected a new geo-electrical phenomenon: terrestrial stationary waves, which supported his theory of electricity transportation around the world and later on it would be the basis of the World-Wide Wireless System (Start Publishing LLC, 2013). When in 1900 I obtained powerful discharges of 100 feet (in the Colorado Springs laboratory) and flashed a current around the globe, I was reminded of the first tiny spark I observed in my Grand St. laboratory and was thrilled by sensations akin to those I felt when I discovered the rotating magnetic field (Tesla, 1904). This is how Tesla’s most ambitious project started in 1901: the construction of the Wardenclyffe Tower to send wireless power around the world. Although he invested all his money on his research investors dropped the project and the Wardenclyffe Tower was never finished (Start Publishing LLC, 2013), leaving the uncertainty that still today is maintained if it is possible to send electricity all over the world. 2. The Conspiracy The conspiracy theories behind Nikola Tesla start with his controversial work and hard relationship with colleagues, and the apparent collaboration in the World War II, which supposedly led him to be murdered. Besides that, the use of his research as a basis to develop Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is another conspiracy attributed to Tesla. There are basically two conspiracy theories behind Tesla’s life and work. The first conspiracy states that Tesla was murdered by powerful bankers from the U.S. because Tesla’s project to provide free energy to the world was not convenient for their economic interest, and the second conspiracy says that Tesla was murdered because some people thought that he had advanced studies to create WMD. To put into context this second theory, it must be taken into consideration that he died while the WWII was taking place and for this reason it can be deduced that, there were some interest on his projects from different military agencies around the world. One thing that cannot be denied is that Nikola Tesla had a brilliant mind, he developed several interesting projects which were decades ahead of their time. By the nature of his inventions, military intelligence circles or giant corporations could be interested on Tesla’s projects. 2.1 Tesla’s Death After Tesla’s death in January 1943, and because of the political-social-economic situation of the time (the WWII) the FBI and some other U.S. Government agencies could be quite interested in Tesla’s ideas and projects regarding weaponry. There was some fear that Tesla’s work could fall into the hands of Soviets or any other powers. Just right after Tesla’s death, his nephew â€Å"Sava Kosanovic† arrived at the hotel where his uncle died, but according to him, there were several technical papers missing as well as a notebook which was marked as â€Å"Government†. An investigator from the FBI said that the U.S. was â€Å"vitally interested† in saving Tesla’s documents, in deed envoys of the Office of Alien Property[2] went to Tesla’s room at the New York Hotel and collect all his belongings, Figure X (PBS, 2004). Figure X (http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/fbi_05.html) According to the website www.psb.org after the WWII, the interest of beam weapons grew up, and Tesla’s basic ideas were taking into consideration to develop these weapons, the papers that contain Tesla’s ideas were never found. Many years after this event, scientists have been looking for those papers without any success (PBS, 2004). There is another theory that says that Tesla was murdered by Hitler’s people, according to a guy called Eric Bermen, he was dating a girl, he say that the girl’s father was Otto Skorzeny a legendary SS (Schutzstaffel) involved in the WWII, and an officer-cadet from the Hitler’s bodyguard regime, Figure X. After Skorzeny death, Bermen collect data about Skorzenys Nazi cohorts and created an unpublishing manuscript in which reveal information such as: â€Å"Skorzenys role (with Reinhard Gehlen) in the assassination ofNikola Tesla(suffocation) on January 6, 1943 after tricking Tesla on January 5 into revealing the full details of his most important discoveries and then stealing his most valuable inventions, along with the contents of his safe, which were delivered to Hitler† (Adachi, 2007). Figure X (http://educate-yourself.org/cn/Skorzeny and Hitler 500w010.jpg) 2.2 Tesla’s HAARP project, the conspiracy behind The conspiracy theories about HAARP Electromagnetic waves would be used to make them collide with the ionosphere which would heat, resulting in an alteration of climate, including suspected that these same waves when falling on the earths crust would cause a series of vibrations which could give as a result, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Researchers and scientists believe that the increase in hurricanes, floods and droughts could have been caused by HAARP, HAARP meanwhile said that they only use a small part of the energy that are capable of generating, if so, what would happen if they use the billions of watts that produces the entire project? Even more adventurous opinions say that the mind control may be another objective of HAARP is now known that electromagnetic waves can lead to physical illness; alter the human psyche causing hysteria, hallucinations, items that would be used for crowd control. As we exposed previously, Tesla’s project HAARP had the purpose to delve into the effects of electromagnetic energy on the ionosphere. Conspiracists say that the development of this project had a sinister intention. They claim that HAARP is actually a WMD developed to break satellites and communication by blitzing the atmosphere with electromagnetic waves. These people believe for example, that the blackout in the North of the U.S. and South of Canada in 1993 was a consequence of the HAARP project (Theories Societies, 2008). For this reason, conspiracy theorists affirm that Tesla’s project about the transmission of electricity via wireless had been hushed up by the biggest electrical equipment companies. On the other hand, researcher Bertell R.[3] conducted a research about HAARP and she concluded that the HAARP program directed by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy was designed tounderstand, simulate and control ionospheric processes that might alter the performance of communication and surveillance systems and with this create the following effects: Produce low frequencies, as a way of communication with sunken submarines. Come to understand the natural ionospheric processes in order to modify or control them. Generate large amounts of high frequency energy, thus with this energy generate ionospheric processes that can be used for defense purposes. Modify some optical emissions which might be used to control radio waves and it’s propagation. So Bertell R. firmly believes that HAARP is not an isolated experiment but it belongs to an integral military program and claims that the project can be sold as random project to the public (Bertell, 1996). Below can be read some other scientists and agencies who think the Project HAARP has a dark side (Global Research, 2007): Prof. Michel Chossudovsky published an article in 2007 in which he state that â€Å"HAARP is a weapon of mass destruction, capable of destabilising agricultural and ecological systems globally.† Physicist Dr Bernard Eastlund called HAARP as the â€Å"the largest ionospheric heater ever built† The State Duma[4] claimed that the U.S. was creating large-scale weapons capable of break radio waves, provoke failures in electric systems, as well as in oil and gas pipelines and it could also affect the mental health of masses. Some people still claim that HAARP is a WMD waiting to be used by the military as a â€Å"death ray†. The credence is that the slight doses of microwaves sent to the ionosphere are just samples compared to the actual power of the machine. Actually they also think that HAARP could also conduct its rays anywhere on earth and can be used to trigger major weather disasters, earthquakes, mass brain damage on a global scale on request. HAARP is not operated by the military of the U.S. nevertheless the project is under the command of the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) this means that somehow it has to be related to the defense of the U.S. 3. References ONeill, J. J. (2007). Prodigal genius: The life of Nikola Tesla. San Diego, Calif: Book Tree. Start Publishing LLC (Ed.). (2013). Inventions, Researches And Writings Of Nikola Tesla. Unites States of America. Tesla, N. (1904). My Inventions: Autobiographical Notes. Tesla, N. (2007). Experiments With Alternate Currents of H: Gardners Books. Adachi, K. (2007). The Revelations of Otto Skorzeny, Part 1 (Martin Bormann: Reichsleiter in Exile American Retiree) by Ken Adachi July 2, 2007. Retrieved September 01, 2014, from http://educate-yourself.org/cn/martinbormannphotostocompare02jul07.shtml Bertell, R. (1996). Background on the HAARP Project. Rosalie Bertell. Retrieved September 06, 2014, from https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/212/45492.html Global Research. (2007). Weather Warfare: Beware the US Military’s Experiments with Climatic Warfare | Global Research. Retrieved September 09, 2014, from http://www.globalresearch.ca/weather-warfare-beware-the-us-military-s-experiments-with-climatic-warfare/7561 PBS. (2004). PBS: Tesla Master of Lightning: The Missing Papers. Retrieved September 03, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_mispapers.html Theories, C., Societies, S. (2008). No Title. [1] Smiljan used to be in the military frontier of Austra-Hungary. [2] TheOffice of Alien Property Custodianwas an office within the Government of theU.S.duringWWI and WWII, serving as acustodian of enemy property. [3] For more information visit http://www.globalresearch.ca/remembering-rosalie-bertell/31448 [4] State Duma was a legislative assembly, it does not exist anymore. [C1]Introduccion!!!

Sociology: Ethnicity and Crime

Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess explanations for apparent ethnic differences in involvement in crime (21 Marks) According to official statistics, ethnic minorities are largely linked to crime and their involvement if often over exaggerated. Item B shows that black people make up 11% of the prison population, despite the fact they make up just 2. 8% of the population. Whilst, Asians make up 4. 7% of the population yet 6% of the prison population.These statistics emphasise that ethnic minorities are over-represented in the criminal justice system, and so the use of alternate sources of statistics may help show a more accurate picture. Victim surveys ask individuals what crimes they have been victims of and help identify the correlation between ethnicity and offending. They tend to show a great deal of intra- ethnic crime but also include several limitations as they rely on victims memory of events which could result in over- identifying certain ethnic groups as the off ender.Whereas, self- report studies ask individuals to disclose their own dishonest and violent behaviour. The findings of self- report studies challenge the stereotypes of black people as being more likely than whites to offend. However, self-report studies also have their own limitations as inconsistency is shown through the evidence of ethnicity and offending. There are ethnic differences at each stage of the criminal justice process. Policing is often seen to be oppressive, as members of ethnic minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched with Asians being twice more likely than blacks to be stopped by the police. Feature Article –  Sociology TestThese allegations have meant ethnic minorities have limited faith in the police and therefore feel under protected. Police racism is one of the many causes behind stop and searches with the MacPherson report identifying institutional racism within the police force. These types of racist behaviour and stereotypes are endorsed and upheld by the â€Å"canteen culture† of rank and file officers and lead to deliberate targeting of stop and searches. In 2007, just over a quarter of the male prison population were from minority ethnic groups.As such, blacks were five times more likely to be in prison than whites while blacks and Asian offenders are more likely than whites to serve longer prison sentences. This is because ethnic minorities are less likely to be granted bail while awaiting trial. The official statistics on the criminal justice process shows striking differences between ethnic groups, and these patterns have been examined by lef t realists and neo- Marxists. Left realists, Lea and Young focus on the statistics which represent real differences in rates of offending by different ethnic groups.They argue that crime is the product of relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation whereby racism has led to the marginalisation and economic exclusion of ethnic minorities, who face a higher level of poverty and unemployment etc. In contribution to this, the media’s emphasis on consumerism promotes relative deprivation amongst ethnic groups, who are unable to attain these materialistic goods by legitimate means. This results into the formation of delinquent subcultures, most notable amongst unemployed black males.Utilitarian crimes are most likely to come of this, such as theft and robbery as a means of coping with relative deprivation. As these groups are likely to be marginalised, it means they are also likely to express their frustrations through non-utilitarian crime such as violence or rioting- thi s explains the involvement with crime by ethnic groups. Lea and Young acknowledge that the police may act in unjust ways but they don’t believe that discriminatory policing fully explains the differences in the statistics.Evidence to support this is that 90% of crime is reported to the police by the public rather than discovered by the police themselves. Lea and Young conclude their argument that the statistics represent real differences in levels of offending between ethnic groups, and that these are caused by real differences in levels of relative deprivation and marginalisation. Despite this, Lea and Young are criticised on several grounds that arrest rates for Asians may be lower than that of Blacks yet this isn’t because they are less likely to offend but because police stereotype the two differently.On the other hand, neo- Marxism tends to view statistics as a social construct resulting from racist labelling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Item B brings to light Gilroy’s argument over the myth of black criminality that â€Å"black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes of African Caribbean’s. In reality, this group is no more criminal than any other. However, as a result of the police and criminal justice system acting on these racist stereotypes, ethnic minorities come to be criminalized and therefore appear in greater numbers in the official statistics†.The item helps us understand the extent of stereotypes and its effects on ethnic groups, yet Gilroy furthers his argument by identifying working class crime is a political act of resistance to capitalism and a racist society. Lea and Young refute Gilroy’s argument, by suggesting that most crime is intra- ethnic, so it can’t be seen as an anti-colonial struggle against racism. Lea and Young also criticise Gilroy for romanticizing street crime as somehow revolutionary, when it’s nothing of the sort.Moreover, Stuart Hal l et al also adopts a neo- Marxist perspective and found that the 1970’s saw a moral panic over black â€Å"muggers† that served the interests of capitalism. As unemployment and strikes were increasing, the ruling class needed to use force to maintain social control. In their view, the emergence of the black mugger and the capitalist crisis was no coincidence, as the black mugger was used a scapegoat to distract attention from true causes of problems such as unemployment. By presenting black youth as a threat to society, the moral panic began dividing the working class on racial grounds.However, Hall et al doesn’t argue that black crime was solely a product of media and police labelling. The crisis of capitalism was increasingly marginalising black youth through unemployment which resulted them into committing petty crime as a means of survival. Hall et al’s study of policing the crisis was criticised for not presenting how the capitalist crisis led to a moral panic, nor do they provide evidence that the public were blaming crime on blacks. During recent years, the focus of ethnicity and crime has largely been on the over representation of black people in the criminal justice system.However, more recently there has been shift in other issues such as the racist victimisation of ethnic minorities. Racist victimisation was brought into greater public focus with the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence and the police handling of the case, where most information is brought to life by victim surveys such as the British Crime Survey. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. While the statistics recorded the instances of victimisation, they do not necessarily capture the victims’ experience of i t. Sampson and Phillips note, racist victimisation tends to be on going over time, with repeated minor instances of abuse and harassment interwoven with incidents of physical violence. This has led minority ethnic communities becoming more active in responding to victimisation, with situational crime prevention measures to organised self- defence campaigns taking place.Such responses need to be understood in the context of accusations of under- protection by the police, who fail to record or investigate reported incidents properly. The Macpherson enquiry into the Stephen Lawrence case concluded that the police investigation into death of the black teenager was â€Å"marred by a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers†. Ultimately, we have learnt the differences in ethnicity and crime but have established ethnic minorities also becoming subjected to victimisation.

Basic Beliefs of Judaism and its Relationship to Christianity Essay

Judaism is one of the oldest religions that still exist up to the present times. It is an establish covenant between the Jews and God. Jews ors followers of Judaism comprised only of 0. 2 percent of the world’s population. However, its influence on the world and society is far beyond the numbers indicated. Judaism and Christianity are two religions with some similar beliefs. First, the main belief of Judaism is that there is only one God who created and rule everything. Judaism is a monotheistic religion following only one Supreme Being (About. com, 2009). Christians also believe on a Supreme Being and Father of all who created and rules the world. Judaism also believes that the people are created in the image of God and all people are created equal (About. com, 2009). God created people with its intellectual ability to comprehend and understand which sets us apart from the animals. Therefore, we have freewill and responsible for our choices and decisions. Judaism is a religion of ethics that strongly adheres to the code of ethics and divine law as a way of life. Christianity also believes that people are created in the image of the Almighty God. Christians also follow the divine laws and make it as their moral standards. The Jews believes on the messiah that will come to bring the world to salvation. The person will come from the family of King David who will lead the world to peace and unity (About. com, 2009). The Christians also believes in the messiah in the persona of Jesus Christ who saves the sins of humanity. The Jews, however, do not believe that Jesus is the messiah. The main holy scripture of the Jews is the Tanakh which is equivalent to the Old Testament of the Holy Bible of Christianity. It is divided into three parts which include Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim. Another holy scripture is the Talmud which is composed of stories, laws and medical knowledge. Judaism does not have the version of the New Testament. In both religions, the Bible and the Tanakh serve as the main guidebook to the religious life of a person. In these scriptures are the written moral standards that should be followed to lead a righteous path. Judaism also has the version of the Ten Commandments which is considered as the most important commandments out of the 613 written in the Torah (About. com, 2009). The Ten Commandments are revealed to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. They strongly believe that God has a plan for human behavior and the Commandments are the ways of how humans should live their lives. Judaism has been a very influential religion in the aspect of culture and traditions. Today, more and more people are identifying themselves as Jewish. However, the contemporary Judaism is a more complex religion that associates both nation and faith. Oftentimes, Judaism follow strict adherence on the ritual laws and a more liberal attitude towards the religion. Judaism has been an influential religion in many nations. Many conflicts and feuds have started because of faith which involves Judaism. One of the famous conflicts is the battle over the land of Israel which is battled over by many religions like Islam and Christianity. The conflict originated during the early years. Judaism has also been influential in changing the lives of many people. Many people significantly altered their lives for the greater good and towards the right path. Reference About. com. (2009). Basic Beliefs of Judaism. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://judaism. about. com/od/abcsofjudaism/a/beliefsbasic. htm.

Chapter 1 Accounting Tb - 9143 Words

CHAPTER 1 THE ACCOUNTANT’S ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION TRUE/FALSE 1. Management accounting information focuses on external reporting. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 1 Terms to Learn: management accounting Management accounting information focuses on internal reporting. 2. A good cost accounting system is narrowly focused on a continuous reduction of costs. Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 Terms to Learn: cost accounting A good cost accounting system is broadly focused to provide information that helps managers at all levels implement, monitor, and evaluate company strategies. 3. Modern cost accounting plays a significant role in management decision making. Answer: True Difficulty: 1†¦show more content†¦Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategy Management accountants should play a significant role in deciding on a company’s strategy. 18. Companies can decide on an appropriate strategy based strictly on internally available information. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategy Companies must obtain external information as well as internal information to decide on an appropriate strategy. 19. Strategic cost management describes cost management that specifically focuses on strategic issues. Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 2 Terms to Learn: strategic cost management 20. The supply chain refers to the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services. Answer: False Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3 Terms to Learn: supply chain The value chain refers to the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services. 21. An effective way to cut costs is to eliminate activities that do not improve the product attributes that customers value. Answer: True Difficulty: 1 Objective: 3 Terms to Learn: cost management 22. 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